The term "meme stock" refers to shares of companies that have gained a cult-like following on social media and forums, leading to high trading volumes and extreme price volatility unrelated to the companies' underlying fundamentals. These stocks are typically fueled by discussions across platforms like Reddit, particularly on forums like WallStreetBets, where retail investors band together to challenge traditional market dynamics.

Riot Blockchain Inc. (RIOT), a cryptocurrency mining company, is a quintessential example of a potential meme stock due to its association with the volatile cryptocurrency market. Presently trading at around $10.5 with a forward P/E ratio of 15.7, RIOT appears undervalued. Should the cryptocurrency sector experience another rally, possibly triggered by Bitcoin's resurgence, RIOT's stock might not only capture typical market gains but could also benefit from meme-driven speculative trading. This double catalyst—fundamental value in the growing crypto sector coupled with meme stock momentum—could propel the stock into much higher territory.

The narrative of meme stocks became widely recognized during the GameStop saga in early 2021, as highlighted in Nathaniel Popper's book "The Trolls of Wall Street." This event showcased how retail investors, driven by narratives on social media, were able to trigger a massive surge in GameStop's stock by enacting a short squeeze that inflicted heavy losses on short-selling hedge funds. This scenario underscored the power of collective retail investment strategies organized via social media, fundamentally challenging traditional stock market paradigms and the influence of institutional investors.

Looking at other examples like GameStop (GME) and AMC Entertainment (AMC), these stocks continue to see speculative trading that could lead them to open with significant gains on any given day, fueled by rumors or coordinated buying events on platforms like Twitter and Reddit. However, the extreme volatility of these stocks means they come with high risk, requiring investors to proceed with caution. The unpredictable nature of meme stocks, driven primarily by sentiment and speculation rather than company performance, can lead to substantial financial losses as quickly as gains.

Simultaneously, technology giants like Microsoft (MSFT) continue to show strong stock performance based on solid fundamentals and strategic market positioning, particularly in cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence. Unlike meme stocks, companies like Microsoft offer growth based on innovation, market expansion, and consistent financial performance, potentially providing safer, albeit sometimes slower, investment growth.

Meme stock frenzies highlight a transformation in the stock market landscape where social media and collective retail trading have newfound power to influence stock prices temporarily. This phenomenon shows no signs of abating but entails considerable risks. As markets evolve with these dynamics, the line between fundamental investing and speculative trading may increasingly blur, reshaping investment strategies and market participation.