Old Government, they organize a new Government, to which they transfer their allegiance. The President of the United States, finding that the combinations of men " have grown too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals by law," issues his proclamation, under the act of 1795, commanding the persons composing these combinations to disperse and return peaceably to their homes, and at the same time calling forth the militia of the several States, in such numbers as the public exigencies require, in order to suppress the re-^ bellion, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. Now, when this army of the militia gets into the territory of the insurgents what has it to do? Just what the marshal, in his own strength, attempted to do and failed; just what the marshal, aided by his posse, undertook against the rioters, and again failed. It is to reduce the rebels to submission; to scatter them to their homes, and enforce the execution of the laws. It is only the necessary amplification of the marshal's power, and invoked by lawful authority to do the marshal's work. If, after the army of the insurgents has been driven from the field, the people still continue in revolt, the President may organize either military or provisional governments over them, and may protect these governments in the enforcement of the Federal laws by the Army and Navy of the United States. These temporary expedients for the government of men in rebellion will only cease when the insurrection is suppressed, and then the conquered rebels, having returned to their allegiance, their State governments, not dead, but only in abeyance, will resume their suspended functions, and the authority and power of the General Government will be vindicated in the restoration of its gentle control over all the States of the Republic. WRITTEN IN 1862