Dziś poruszam temat, który niepokoi wielu rodziców i opiekunów: związek między autyzmem a nadmiernym korzystaniem z ekranów i urządzeń elektronicznych.

Wyjaśniam nie tylko, jak nadmierne korzystanie z technologii wpływa na dzieci z autyzmem, oraz jakie są udokumentowane badaniami konsekwencje tego zjawiska. Podaję kilka praktycznych wskazówek.

Badania będące podstawą każdego z twierdzeń, które padły w podcaście:

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[2] Goodwin, M. S., Groden, J., Velicer, W. F., et al. (2006). Cardiovascular arousal in individuals with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21(2), 100–123.
Corbett, B. A., & Simon, D. (2013). Stress and cortisol in autism spectrum disorders. OA Autism, 1(1), 1–6.
Wallenius, M. (2010). Salivary cortisol in relation to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in school-aged children. Psychology, 1(2), 88–95.
Mark, A. E., & Janssen, I. (2008). Relationship between screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Public Health, 30(2), 153–160.
Goldfield, G. S., Kenny, G. P., Hadjiyannakis, S., et al. (2011). Video game playing is independently associated with blood pressure and lipids in overweight and obese adolescents. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e26643.
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Ranjbaran, Z., Keefer, L., Farhadi, A., et al. (2007). The relevance of sleep abnormalities to chronic inflammatory conditions. Inflammation Research, 56(2), 51–57.
Cajochen, C., Frey, S., Anders, D., et al. (2011). Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(5), 1432–1438.
[4] Just, M. A., Keller, T. A., & Kana, R. K. (2013). A theory of autism based on frontal-posterior underconnectivity. In Development and Brain Systems in Autism (pp. 35–63).
Rowan, C. (2010). Unplug—Don’t drug: A critical look at the influence of technology on child behavior with an alternative way of responding other than evaluation and drugging. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, 12(1), 60–68.
Dunckley, V. L. (2014, February 27). Gray matters: Too much screen time damages the brain. Psychology Today.
Weng, C.-B., Qian, R.-B., Fu, X.-M., et al. (2013). Gray matter and white matter abnormalities in online game addiction. European Journal of Radiology, 82(8), 1308–1312.
[5] Adolphs, R., Sears, L., & Piven, J. (2001). Abnormal processing of social information from faces in autism. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(2), 232–240.
Uhls, Y. T., Michikyan, M., Morris, J., et al. (2014). Five days at outdoor education camp without screens improves preteen skills with nonverbal cues. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 387–392.
Pea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., et al. (2012). Media use, face-to-face communication, media multitasking, and social well-being among 8- to 12-year-old girls. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 327–336.
Heffler, K. F., & Oestreicher, L. M. (2016). Causation model of autism: Audiovisual brain specialization in infancy competes with social brain networks. Medical Hypotheses, 91, 114–122.
Chonchaiya, W., & Pruksananonda, C. (2008). Television viewing associates with delayed language development. Acta Pædiatrica, 97(7), 977–982.
[6] White, S. W., Oswald, D., Ollendick, T., et al. (2009). Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(3), 216–229.
Ha, J. H., Yoo, H. J., Cho, I. H., et al. (2007). Psychopathology and internet addiction in adolescents. Psychopathology, 40(6), 424–430.
Pea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Stillerman, B., Yang, S., & Zhou, M. (2012). Media use, face-to-face communication, media multitasking, and social well-being among 8- to 12-year-old girls. Developmental psychology, 48(2), 327–336.
Chugani, D. C., Muzik, O., Behen, M., et al. (1999). Developmental changes in brain serotonin synthesis capacity in autistic and nonautistic children. Annals of Neurology, 45(3), 287–295.
Adolphs, R., Sears, L., & Piven, J. (2001). Abnormal processing of social information from faces in autism. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 13(2), 232–240.
Kohyama J. (2011). Neurochemical and neuropharmacological aspects of circadian disruptions: an introduction to asynchronization. Current neuropharmacology, 9(2), 330–341.
Mathiak, K., & Weber, R. (2006). Toward brain correlates of natural behavior: fMRI during violent video games. Human brain mapping, 27(12), 948–956.
[7] Dawson, G., & Watling, R. (2000). Interventions to facilitate auditory, visual, and motor integration in autism: a review of the evidence. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 30(5), 415–421.
Rowan C. (20100, The Impact of Technology on Child Sensory and Motor Development. Dostęp: http://www.sensoryprocessinginfo/CrisRowan.pdf.
[8] Mazurek, M. & Engelhardt, Chr. (2013). Video game use and problem behaviors in boys with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 7. 316–324.
Mazurek, M. O., & Wenstrup, C. (2013). Television, video game and social media use among children with ASD and typically developing siblings. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 43(6), 1258–1271.
[9] Swing, E. L., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Walsh, D. A. (2010). Television and video game exposure and the development of attention problems. Pediatrics, 126(2), 214–221.
Pressman, R., Owens, J., Evans, A.& Nemon, M. (2014). Examining the Interface of Family and Personal Traits, Media, and Academic Imperatives Using the Learning Habit Study. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 42. 347-363.
Lillard, A. S., & Peterson, J. (2011). The immediate impact of different types of television on young children's executive function. Pediatrics, 128(4), 644–649.
[10] Herbert, M. R., & Sage, C. (2013). Autism and EMF? Plausibility of a pathophysiological link - Part I. Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology, 20(3), 191–209.
[11] Belardinelli, C., Raza, M., &Taneli T.(2016). Comorbid Behavioral Problems and Psychiatric Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Childhood & Developmental Disorders. 02(11)
Mihajlović, G., Hinić, D., Damjanović, A., Gajić, T., & Dukić-Dejanović, S. (2008). Excessive internet use and depressive disorders. Psychiatria Danubina, 20(1), 6–15.
Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F., Wu, H. Y., & Yang, M. J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 41(1), 93–98.