After years of laboring on a treatise that laid the groundwork for his mechanistic philosophy and physics, Descartes found himself compelled to set the project aside when his contemporary, Galileo, faced charges of heresy. This unfinished work, titled The World, was ultimately published only after Descartes’ passing. It appears that this turbulent context influenced Descartes as he penned his more renowned philosophical writings. This influence is particularly evident in the Meditations, where not only the subservience of the Letter of Dedication is apparent, but also in the distinctive argumentative style. Descartes seeks to establish a mathematical science that prioritizes mathematical demonstration over common-sense judgments grounded in everyday experience. His posthumous Copernican ideas, expressed in The World, demanded such a robust defense. The Meditations stand as a pivotal text in early modern philosophy, shaping fundamental perspectives and challenges within the Western tradition, including substance dualism, external world skepticism, and the emergence of the modern subject. (Description by D.E. Wittkower)

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